Review of steam generation process. Classification, Fire and water tube boilers, Description of Cochran, Locomotive, Lancashire Babcock and Wilcox boilers and Sterling Boiler, mountings and accessories: Economizer, super heater etc. Modern high pressure boilers, Characteristics of high pressure boilers, Advantages of forced circulation, steam accumulators, boiler performance, equivalent evaporation, boiler efficiency, Boiler Trial.
Classification and working of steam engine, Simple Rankine cycle, methods of improving efficiency: Feed water heating (Bleeding), reheat cycle, combined reheat and regenerative cycle, Ideal working fluid – Binary vapour cycle, combined power and heating cycles. Nozzle: Types of nozzles and their utility, Flow of steam through nozzles, Critical pressure and discharge, Area of throat and exit for maximum discharge, Effect of friction on Nozzle efficiency, Supersaturated flow.
Steam turbines, description of components and advantages, Pressure and velocity compounding, Velocity diagram and work done, Effect of blade friction on velocity diagram, Stage efficiency and overall efficiency, Reheat factor and condition curve
Degree of reaction, velocity diagrams, blade efficiency and its derivation; calculation of blade height, backpressure and extraction turbines and cogeneration; Economic assessment. Method of attachment of blades to turbine rotor, losses in steam turbines, Governing of steam turbines, Labyrinth packing.
Function, Elements of condensing plant, types of condensers, Dalton’s law of partial pressure applied to condenser problems, condenser and vacuum efficiencies. Cooling water calculations. Effect of air leakage, Methods to check and prevent air infiltration. Description of air pump and calculation of its capacity.
Use of compressed air in industry. Classification of air compressors, Operation of single stage reciprocating compressors, Work input and the best value of index of compression. Isothermal and polytrophic efficiency. Effect of clearance and volumetric efficiency, adiabatic, isothermal and mechanical efficiencies, multistage compression and its advantages. Optimal multi-staging, work input in multistage compression, Reciprocating air motors.
Gas power cycles, Classification, Construction and working of 2 and 4- stroke SI and CI engines and their valve timing diagram, Combustion process in SI and CI engines, Performance of engines.